In a similar vein, Hinkel & Fotos (2002) postulate that discourse in context may consist of only one or two words as in stop or no smoking alternatively, a piece of discourse can be hundreds of thousands of words in length, as some novels are. Cook (1992) defines it as “the use of language for communication”, and states that it may be composed of one or more well-formed grammatical sentences. Keywords: Academic writing, discourse, contrastive discourse marker, hypotaxis, parataxisĭiscourse is a unit of language larger than a sentence and which is firmly rooted in a specific context (Halliday 1990: 41). The study concludes with practical implications to academic writing and suggestions for further directions. Finally, it is seen that certain items in both categories were overwhelmingly employed by the three groups. Specifically, hypotactic CDMs were slightly overused by the Turkish-speaking group and significantly underused by the Spanish-speaking group in comparison to the native group, and paratactic CDMs were significantly underused by the former and significantly overused by the latter against the native group.

The findings displayed that paratactic discourse markers were used by all groups much more frequently than hypotactic discourse markers in conveying contrastive relations among the statements. Three sets of subcorpora were analysed to see whether they significantly differ with respect to the use of these markers. This study is motivated to investigate contrastive discourse markers (CDMs) in doctoral dissertations produced by native and non-native academic authors of English.

Contrastive Discourse Markers in Native and Non-Native English Academic Writing

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